This post was updated 2019-07-24
Iso 12100 Overview Tool
I often get questions from clients about how to get started on Functional Safety using ISO 13849. This article is the first in a series that will walk you through the basics of using ISO 13849. Keep in mind that you will need to hold a copy of the 3rd edition of ISO 13849 – 1 [1] and the 2nd edition of ISO 13849 – 2 [2] to use as you go along. There are other standards which you may also find useful, and I have included them in the Reference section at the end of the article. Each post has a Reference List. I will publish a complete reference list for the series with the last post.
Overall, ISO 12100 applies to the system level, but specific elements trace down to the product or component level. Family tree maker 12 download pc. “ISO 12100 is a type A standard that applies to everything that is defined as a machine under the European Machinery Directive,” Maier continues.
ISO –Safety of machinery –General principles for design –Risk assessment and risk reduction EN 954-1:2000 / ISO 13849-1:1999 –Safety of machinery –Safety-related parts of control systems –Part 1: General principles of design. BS EN ISO sets the international standard for machinery safety. It gives you the tools to design and develop reliable equipment that remains fit for purpose throughout its lifecycle. BS EN ISO 12100 outlines the general principles of machinery safety and risk assessment and management. ANSI / RIA / ISO 10218 -1-2007 Draft Standard R15.06-201X. Required for all robotic machine safety applications. Canadian Standards Association: CSA Z434 (R2008): Safety requirements for robots and robot systems Draft Standard R15.06-201X -Only required if OEMs shipping machines to Canada. EN ISO 12100 gives design engineers a complete overview of the manufacture of machines, which are safe for their intended purpose. The standard EN ISO 12100 largely combines EN ISO 12100-1 and -2 as well as EN ISO 14121-1. The term machinery safety looks at the ability of a machine to fulfil its intended function(s) during its service life, whereby the risk has been sufficiently reduced. Aug 31, 2011 Overall, ISO 12100 applies to the system level, but specific elements trace down to the product or component level. “ISO 12100 is a type A standard that applies to everything that is defined as a machine under the European Machinery Directive,” Maier continues.
Applicability
ISO 13849 provides a simplified approach to functional safety for machine builders. The scope of the standard lays out the specifics in detail. ISO 13849 is scoped specifically for machinery. If you are building something else, there are other standards that will better address your application.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13849 provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design and integration of safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS), including the design of software. For these parts of SRP/CS, it specifies characteristics that include the performance level required for carrying out safety functions. It applies to SRP/CS for high demand and continuous mode, regardless of the type of technology and energy used (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, etc.), for all kinds of machinery.
It does not specify the safety functions or performance levels that are to be used in a particular case.
This part of ISO 13849 provides specific requirements for SRP/CS using programmable electronic system(s).
It does not give specific requirements for the design of products which are parts of SRP/CS. Nevertheless, the principles given, such as categories or performance levels, can be used.
NOTE 1 Examples of products which are parts of SRP/CS: relays, solenoid valves, position switches, PLCs, motor control units, two-hand control devices, pressure sensitive equipment. For the design of such products, it is important to refer to the specifically applicable International Standards, e.g. ISO 13851, ISO 13856?1 and ISO 13856?2.
NOTE 2 For the definition of required performance level, see 3.1.24.
NOTE 3 The requirements provided in this part of ISO 13849 for programmable electronic systems are compatible with the methodology for the design and development of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for machinery given in IEC 62061.
NOTE 4 For safety-related embedded software for components with PLr = e, see IEC 61508 – 3:1998, Clause 7.
In particular, pay attention to the first paragraph and the last sentence where it states “…for all kinds of machinery.” The intent of ISO 13849 – 1 is to provide a means to determine the functional safety requirements and subsequently, to analyze the resulting design and develop a verification and validation plan.
Note 1 is also significant. Notes in standards offer non-normative, i.e., non-mandatory, information to the reader to help the reader apply the preceding information. Note 1 reminds readers that specific types of products have their own standards that must be followed.
Where to start?
You have just learned that you need to do an ISO 13849 functional safety analysis. You have the two parts of the standard, and you have skimmed them, but you are feeling a bit overwhelmed and unsure of where to start. By the end of this series, you should be feeling more confident about how to get this job done.
Step 1 – Risk Assessment
For the purpose of this article, I am going to assume that you have a risk assessment for the machinery, and you have a copy for reference. If you do not have a risk assessment, stop here and get that done. There are several good references for that, including ISO 12100 [3], CSAZ432 [4], and ANSIB11.TR3 [5]. You can also have a look at my series on Risk Assessment.
The risk assessment should identify which risks require mitigation using the control system, e.g., use of an interlocked gate, a light curtain, a two-hand control, an enabling device, etc. See the MS101 glossary for detailed definitions. Each of these becomes a safety function. Each safety function requires a safety requirements specification (SRS), which I will describe in more detail a bit later.
Safety Functions
The 3rd edition of ISO 13849 [1] provides two tables that give some examples of safety function characteristics [1, Table 8] and parameters [1, Table 9] and also provides references to corresponding standards that will help you to define the necessary parameters. These tables should not be considered to be exhaustive – there is no way to list every possible safety function in a table like this. The tables will give you some good ideas about what you are looking for in machine control functions that will make them safety functions.
While you are identifying risk reduction measures that will use the control system for mitigation, don’t forget that complementary protective measures like emergency stop, enabling devices, etc. all need to be included. Some of these functions may have minimum requirements set by Type B2 standards, like ISO 13850 [6] for emergency stop which sets the minimum performance level for this function at PLc.
Selecting the Required Performance Level
ISO 13849 – 1:2015 provides a graphical means for selecting the minimum Performance Level (PL) required for the safety function based on the risk assessment. A word of caution here: you may feel like you are re-assessing the risk using this tool because it does use risk parameters (severity, frequency/duration of exposure and possibility to avoid/limit harm) to determine the PL. Risk assessment This tool is not a risk assessment tool, and using it that way is a fundamental mistake. Its output is in terms of performance level, which is failure rate per hour of operation. For example, it is entirely incorrect to say, “This machine has a risk level of PLc” since we define PLs in terms of probable failure rate per hour.
Once you have assigned a required Performance Level (PLr) to each safety function, you can move on to the next step: Developing the Safety Requirements Specification.
Book List
Here are some books that I think you may find helpful on this journey:
Word for Office 365 Word 2019 Word 2016 Word 2013 Word 2010 Word 2007The for formatting and printing Avery labels, business cards, and more is now retired.You can still use Word to create and print Avery based labels and cards from Word templates, label options, or templates you download from the Avery website. Avery 5160 template for microsoft word 2010. Templates for Avery-compatible return address labels, CD labels, gift tags, name badges, and more will appear.Label optionsTo format Avery-compatible labels, go to Mailings Labels. Select Options, and choose Avery US Letter (or Avery A4/A5 for A4/A5-size paper) in the Label vendors box. Choose from the list of products.For details about making labels in Word, see. Word templatesTo find a variety of Avery-compatible templates in Word, go to File New, and type Avery in the Search box.
[0] B. Main, Risk Assessment: Basics and Benchmarks, 1st ed. Ann Arbor, MIUSA: DSE, 2004.
[0.1] D. Smith and K. Simpson, Safety critical systems handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011.
[0.2] Electromagnetic Compatibility for Functional Safety, 1st ed. Stevenage, UK: The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2008.
[0.3] Overview of techniques and measures related to EMC for Functional Safety, 1st ed. Stevenage, UK: Overview of techniques and measures related to EMC for Functional Safety, 2013.
[0.4] Code of practice for electromagnetic resilience, 1st ed. Stevenage, UK: IET Standards TC4.3 EMC, 2017.
[0.5] Code of Practice: Competence for Safety Related Systems Practitioners, 1st ed. Stevenage, UK: The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016.
References
[1] Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design. 3rd Edition. ISO Standard 13849 – 1. 2015.
[2] Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 2: Validation. 2nd Edition. ISO Standard 13849 – 2. 2012.
[3] Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk assessment and risk reduction. ISO Standard 12100. 2010.
[4] Safeguarding of Machinery. CSA Standard Z432. 2004.
[5] Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction- A Guideline to Estimate, Evaluate and Reduce Risks Associated with Machine Tools. ANSI Technical Report B11.TR3. 2000.
[6] Safety of machinery – Emergency stop function – Principles for design. ISO Standard 13850. 2015.
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Iso 12100 Summary
Iso 12100 Overview Chart
- When you create the project, you define which guideline (Machinery Directive or Low Voltage Directive) applies.
- Classification of the product (Machinery Directive only): You define to which product group of the Machinery Directive your product is to be assigned (e.g. machine, incomplete machine, exchangeable equipment, load handling equipment, ..).
- Clarify the application of directives: You define which other directives (e.g. EMC, pressure equipment, ATEX, RED, ..) are to be applied.
- Clarify the application of standards: You determine which standards you want to apply (voluntarily) in the development of your product. The Safexpert StandardsManager module supports you in your research!
- You can use (guideline-specific) checklists to ensure that you do not forget any important points when creating the technical documentation!
- Within the internal manufacturing checks, you check whether your product complies with the technical documents.
- Then print out the declaration of conformity in the last step. Here you can easily integrate your own logo. Of course Safexpert will warn you before printing if not all required points in the project have been marked as 'Done'!